Ammonia compressor



May 12, 1925'. A1,537,851

' ,u f w. P. MAINGAULT AMMONIA COMPRESSOR May 12, 192s. 1,537,851

W. P. MAINGAULT AMMONIA coMPREssoR meduayls. 1924 V2 sneeuw-sheet 2 l l 5mm-'afflux' Patented May 12, 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.;

WILLIAM i. MAIGALT, or TAcoivrA, WASHINGTON.

.AMMONIA COMPRESSOR.

i Application'led May 15,

To a-ZZ whom/,it may concern.:

Beit known that I, VILLIAM P. MAIN- GAULT, a citizen. of the United States, residing at'Tacoma, in the 4county of Pierce and State of iVashington, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ammonia Compressors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to ammonia compressors of .the splash type with ported suction, and particularly to the construction of the cylinder wall.

The primary obj ect of the invention is to overcome the numerous disadvantages incident to "constructing a ported compressor for ammoniaV or other gas or air and particularly the inaccuracies found in moldedk constructions wherein the port between the gas chamber andthe compressor cylinder is cast in the metal and requiring the use of a boring tool, which runs to a certain degree or cannot be regularly controlled, to produce the resultant formation that is economically practica-ble. Y v

A further object of the invention is to adopt a construction which will avoid a loss in spo-iled castingsin endeavoring to form the port through molding means and during the subsequent treatment .of such castings by machine shop work and the use of a boring tool, which is always liableto run irregularly in passing acast port and resulting in the complete loss ofthe pieces of work when thus spoiled; y

A still further object of the invention is to generally improve the construction of compressors for ammonia, gas or air by a reliable formation of theport, orV means of communication between the gas chamber and the compressing cylinder, and also to decrease the expense of production by reducing to a minimum injured or spoiled work that usually results lfrom the methods commonly practiced in forming the portor communi-` eatin g opening between the compressing cylinder and the gasxchamber.

The `present invention consists essentially in casting the entire body of a compressor for ammonia, air or other gas in one piece in such manner that the outside and inside walls of the cylinder are primarily continuous, and wherein no ports at' the vlower and upper portions exist. The cylinder is then bored true, and after the latterV operation a cutting tool is used, preferably in a boring bar, and the inside cylinder wall is cut through into the gas chamber, this cut being 1924.; Serial No. 713,523.

continued 4fully around the cylinder and; as narrow as practicable, to permit Vthe cylinder to lill with gas from the gas chamber...

The remainingr necessary port or ports 'are formedafter the cylinder is bored. Thepiston rings are vformed very much wider than the port, or communicating opening between the cylinder'and the gas chamber, so as to readily travel over the said port or opening withoutthe least liability1 ofthe said rings dropping into the port. It is also proposed to include the same essential features of invention in ammonia, vair or gas compressors ofthe single or double cylinder type, the double cylinder organization having each. cylinder thereof in full communication through the port r'formed therein, as above specified, and also in communication .with a gas chamberwhich surrounds the cylinders and extends between the latter.

The invention also consists in the details of construction and arrangement of the several parts which will be more fullyl hereinafter described and claimed.

Inthe drawings:

Fig. l is a transverse vertical section of a and a part ofthe mechanism for operating..

the latter, together with/the upper compressing chamber and thedischarge` means therefor; Y

Fig. 2 is a similar transverse vertical sec` tion. of thev improved 'structure taken in a plane at right angles to that shown by Fia l; i

.'F ig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3-.-3, Fig.`2; A

Fig. 4 is ahoriz'ontal section on theline ima, Fig. 2, v i

Fig.- 5 is a transverse vertical section through a doublepcylinder organization embodying l the' same features of the invention Fig. 6 is a horizontalseotion on the line 6-6, Fig. 5;; and

Fig. 7 is a '7l-7, Fig. 5. y

The numeral 5 generally refers to the body of the improved compressor, lwhich comprises outer and .inner walls 6 and'7 of in.

horizontal section on the .line` c ulation of water in the chamber, thus pro viding a practical form of water `jacket for obvious purposes. On the top of the body over the chamber 9 a head or cap 13 is removably secured. Vithin the piston chamber 8 the usual form of piston 14 is der between the walls 6 and 7, in the single form of the compressor asshown by Fig. 1an annular gas chamber 18 is formed, the entire body being cast and the chamber 18 as well as the water space or chamber 10 being produced-by cores sustained in operative position during the molding operation by any suitable means and in accordance with well known practices in the molding art'. After the piston chamber or cylinder 8 has been bored, communication is established with the gas chamber 18 by a suitable boring tool, preferably carried by a boring bar, said communication being through the medium of a comparatively narrow slot or. port 19, which opens into the upper part of the chamber 18 and is of less vertical extent than the width of the piston rings 20, 'so that the latter in traveling over the inner terminal ofthe slot or port 19 will not spring i-nto the said slot but readily pass the same without the least obstruction to. the regular reciprocation of the piston 14.. The gas chamberis connected by suc tion ports 21 with anysuitable gas or air supply source, and these ports as well as the lower drain ports are formed in the wall 6 and preferably screw-threaded, `for receiving correspondingly threaded ends of'connecting pipes illustrated in part by dotted lines. The advantage of this construction Vis that the slot or port 19 may be readily and V accurately produced without the least injuryto the casting. asa whole and in contradistinction to the modes of construction heretofore usually adopted and which consist in molding the means of communication'. between the cylinder 8 and they gaschamber 18. It willbe understood that the pipe connections to'both sets of ports 21 and 22 will be also provided with suitable valves and the receiving or compression chamber 9 into which the cylinder or piston chamber 8 opens is formed with diametril* cally opposed ports 23 fordischarge purposes. and the pipe connectionsy thereto are also illustrated in dottedlines in Fig. 2 and may be provided with suitable valves. As shown by Fig. 3, the gas chamber 18 completely surrounds the cylinder or piston chamber 8 and the gas therefromV flaws throu h the communicating slot or port 19 into tie said cylinder or piston chamber 8 equally and regularly and rapidly charges the space above the up er end of the piston when the latter is at tie lower limit of its stroke, and on the return or upward stroke the gas or air is compressed into the receiving or compression chamber 9 and from the latter is discharged or conducted away from the compressor as desired. The as chamber as constructed and confined ef tween the inner and outer walls 6 and 7 permits a. storage of a considerable quantity of the gas, to ensure a quick and rapid supply to the piston. chamber 8 through the narrow slot or port 19. This deep chamber, which jackets the piston chamber 8, also serves as a trap to. keep the liquid from going direct to the pistonchamber. Many accidents have been caused by liquid passing direct from the gas chamber into the piston chamber or cylinder in ammonia compressors, lbut, in accordance with the present construction, as above noted, am-A monia liquid will be trapped in the deep chamber 18 and subsequently pass olf as a gas. The relative positions of the ports 11 and 23, respectively opening into the water'space or chamber 10 and the receiving or compression chamber 9, are clearly illustrated'by Fig. L1, and it will be seen that the said ports 23 are formed in a thick'- enedportion of the upper wall of the bodyV slightly above the plane of the lowermost portions of the ports 11, and there isfthere fore no interference in the construction of these two sets of ports, or the ports 23 are formed ina solid wall at diametrically opposite portions of the upper part of the body 5. It will also be understood at the time the `cylinder or piston chamber 8 is bored that the receiving yor compression chamber 9 may be completed and the latter is of greater diameter than the piston chamber or cylinder.

In the form of the improved device as shown by Figs. 5, 6 and 7 two cylinders are shown associated in asingle'organization and each vprovided with a. piston, the first piston and its cylinder together with the compression chamber t-hereover being designated by kthe saine reference characters as in Fig. 1, and likewise the means for oper ating this piston. The second cylinder 24 has a piston 25 therein with an operating connection 26 attached to the lower end and the outer wall 6 in the single cylinder formation as heretofore described is increased in dialneter to embrace both cylinders. Also, the gas chamber 18a is increased in diameter and surrounds both cylinders 8 and 24 and also has communication with an open space 25a in the center between the two cylinders. `The cylinder 8 has the sameform of slot or port 19 opening into the gas chamber 18a and the cylinder or piston chamber 24 has a similar slot 19l opening also into the said gas chamber. The upper and lower suction and drain ports 21 and 22 are formed kin the outer diametrically enlarged wall 6 .and function in a manner similar to the ports bearing like numerals and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive. In addition to the receiving and compression chamber 9 there is a second receiving and compression chamber 9ZL having a head or cap 13EL thereo-ver similar to the head or cap 13, and the water chamber is increased by an intermediate water space 10a, which isl in communication with the outer space 10 corresponding to those shown by Figs. 1, 2 and 1. The ports 21 and 22 will also be provided in this double construction with suitable pipe connections 26 and 27, as shown by dotted lines, and these pipe connections may obviously be. provided with suitable valves. Likewise, the upper water space or jacket has upper and lower ports 28 and 29 for circulating purposes, said ports being adapted to have suitable pipe connections as also indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5. The receiving or compressing chambers 9 and 9a will both be provided with discharge outlets 23a and 24a with the same function or operation as hereinbciore explained in connection with the single cylinder form of the compressor.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the operation is quite simple, and the stroke ot one or more cylinder and piston organiza-- tions sets up a suction which will draw the gas first into the annular gas chamber 18 or the chamber 18":L with the intermediate communicating space 25, and as each piston descends to the lower limit of its stroke, the port or slot openings 19 or 19a are cleared and the gas flows into the cylinder or cylinders! in which the piston or pistons operate and by the latter is forced upwardly into the single or double receiving orcompressing chambers. The 'formation of the ports or slots providing the means of communication between the gas chamber and the cylinder or cylinders insures an equal and rapid charging of the cylinder or cylinders, and on the downstroke of the piston or pistons, vacuum resistance is destroyed and the piston or pistons are permitted to travel downwardly without restriction by reason of the removal therefrom of the vacuum load.

What is claimed as new is:

An ammonia compressor of the class specitied, comprising a body cast in one piece of material without joints and having outside and inside spaced annular walls, the inner wall providing a piston chamber and the space between the two walls providing a deep annular gas-receiving chamber, the inner wall enclosing the piston chamber eX- tending practically the full length of the gas chamber and having at the upper limit ot' the latter chamber a continuous horizontally disposed narrow slot to produce an unobstructed passage between the interior of the piston chamber and the annular gas chamber, the outside wall having ports at the lower termination of the annular gas chamber for drainage purposes and also similar ports near the top limit of the gas chamber and below the said narrow slot for gas supply, and a piston mounted to reciprocate in the piston chamber and pass over the said narrow slot during its reciprocating operation.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set. my hand.y

WILLIAM P. MAINGAULT. 

